User:Emba2024/Transgender people in sports

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World Rugby, the sport's governing body, released the “World Rugby Transgender Guideline” in 2020. The guideline is based on player safety and performance advantage. National Rugby governing bodies are encouraged to use the guideline with flexibility to set domestic rules. The Guideline operates as a policy in all World Rugby Tournaments.

To play women’s rugby, transgender women must provide medical documentation confirming they have not experienced and are suppressing a testosterone-driven puberty. Transgender men, regardless of whether they transitioned pre- or post-puberty, may play men's rugby if they provide confirmation they have the physical ability to ensure they are not putting themselves at unacceptable risk. Transgender men who have begun a sex reassignment process that includes supplementing with testosterone may not play women's rugby.

National Approaches

Canada

Canadian sport organizations must comply with the Canadian Human Rights Act, which includes gender identity and expression as a prohibited ground for discrimination.

The Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES) is recognized as the Canadian policy leader for transgender people’s participation in sport at the national level. In 2016, CCES issued “Creating Inclusive Environments for Trans Participants in Canadian Sport: Guidance for Sport Organizations.” The guidance sets out that, until international rules apply, athletes should be able to participate in the gender with which they identify without being subject to any requirements that are different from those of cisgender athletes, unless there is a specific and legitimate reason for the requirement.

As an athlete moves into competitions governed by international rules, the athlete will decide whether to compete under the applicable international rules. Canadian sport organizations should not consider the athlete’s ultimate decision when selecting athletes to represent Canada in international competitions.

Some sport organizations' policies, like the Viasport Trans Athlete Inclusion Policy, Ringette Canada Trans-inclusion Policy, and Gymnastics Canada Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Policy, are aligned to the CCES guidance. Rugby Canada responded to World Rugby's guidance by releasing a statement recommitting to the Rugby Canada TransInclusion Policy, which is aligned to the CCES guidance. Others, like Swimming Canada, have not fully aligned to the CCES guidance. For example, to swim in national selection events, transgender swimmers must provide written proof that they are eligible for international competition from the international swimming federation to Swimming Canada.

Public opinion polling indicates many Canadians believe it is unfair for transgender women to compete in women’s sports. However, Canadian Women and Sport, a leading voice for the advancement of women and girls in sport, does not believe the inclusion of transgender women and girls threatens the advancement of women in sport.

United Kingdom[edit]

UK Sport published "The UK's Sports Councils Guidance for Transgender Inclusion in Domestic Sport" in September 2021, which concludes that there is not a competitive model where the inclusion of transgender people allows safety and fairness to coexist. The Sports Council will work with the National Governing Body (NGB) and Scottish Governing Body (SGB) to find the optimal outcome under a framework that defines the priorities of the sport bodies. NGB and SGB will prioritize transgender inclusion, fairness, and safety equally to develop a decision-making model for their sports.

UK Sport believes there is not yet enough evidence to prove that the suppression of testosterone for 12 months achieves parity of strength, stamina and physique for transgender women compared with females. UK Sport believes there is enough evidence to show testosterone supplementation in transgender men seems to create parity within the strength and speed of males. They believe there is evidence to show bone conformation remains and should be considered in sports where safety is relevant.

New Zealand

Sport New Zealand and High Performance Sport New Zealand, crown agencies that lead active recreation and sport throughout New Zealand, are currently developing guiding principles for the inclusion of transgender participants in community sport. This publication will serve to guide sport and recreation organizations at a national level toward developing a policy within their respective sport codes covering transgender inclusion in community sport, but not elite sport. 

New Zealand Rugby is currently reviewing its own transgender guidelines for grassroots community rugby with Sport New Zealand in consultation with stakeholders. Their stance on elite sport remains consistent with World Rugby’s transgender eligibility and participation policy for professional rugby.

Australia

In June 2019, Sport Australia and the Australian Human Rights Commission published Guidelines for the inclusion of transgender and gender diverse people in sport together with the Coalition of Major Professional and Participation Sports (COMPPS). The report is targeted to sporting organizations at all levels from community sport to elite sport in the context of promoting an inclusive environment for transgender and gender diverse people in sport across the country. The COMPPS consists of member organizations in Australia including: Australian Football League, Cricket Australia, Football Federation Australia, National Rugby League, Netball Australia, Rugby Australia and Tennis Australia.

Rugby Australia released Community Guidelines for the inclusion of transgender and gender diverse people in rugby. Rugby Australia permits transgender participants to play the game on a case-by-case basis for community rugby competitions at the amateur level, but remains aligned with World Rugby’s policy for professional rugby.

In August 2019, Cricket Australia released Guidelines for the inclusion of transgender and gender diverse people in community cricket. The guidelines serve to promote an inclusive environment for gender diverse participants playing community cricket and allows players to participate in the gender with which they identify rather than their sex, without requiring medical examinations.

In terms of grassroots sport clubs, the Australian not-for-profit sporting inclusion program Pride In Sport maintains a directory of independent LGBTQ sporting clubs in Australia. This listing published an extensive number of sports having at least one club within each of the states and territories of the country.

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Australia

University and Tertiary Sport New Zealand (UTSNZ) has its own inclusion policy covering transgender and gender diverse athletes in sport. The policy allows transgender athletes to compete in the sport category that aligns to their gender identity.Transgender females are permitted to compete in a male UTSNZ competition. If transgender females have undergone testosterone suppression for 12 months, they may also compete in female competition. Similarly, transgender males are eligible to participate in either male or female competition (but not both categories within one season), provided they are not undergoing hormone treatment for gender transition. For transgender males who have taken hormone treatment with testosterone related to gender transition, they may no longer compete in female competition but can still compete in male competition.