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Director of the McGill Summer Institutes in Global Health
Madhukar Pai, MD, PhD, FCAHS, FRSC is the Inaugural Chair of the Department of Global and Public Health at the McGill School of Population and Global Health. He holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Epidemiology & Global Health. He is the Associate Director of the McGill International TB Centre. He is Editor-In-Chief of PLOS Global Public Health. He is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.
Madhu Pai did his medical training and community medicine residency in Vellore, India. He completed his PhD in epidemiology at UC Berkeley, and a postdoctoral fellowship at the UCSF. Madhu serves on the WHO Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for TB in the South-East Asia Region, and the WHO Advisory group on Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Laboratory. He is a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of FIND, Geneva. He serves as the Chair of the Public-Private Mix (PPM) Working Group of the Stop TB Partnership. He serves on the editorial boards of Lancet Infectious Diseases, PLoS Medicine, and BMJ Global Health, among others. He is Editor-In-Chief of PLOS Global Public Health.
Madhu’s research is mainly focused on improving the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, especially in high-burden countries like India and South Africa. His research is supported by grant funding from the Gates Foundation, Grand Challenges Canada, and Canadian Institutes of Health Research. He has more than 400 publications. He is a recipient of the Union Scientific Prize, Chanchlani Global Health Research Award, Haile T. Debas Prize, and David Johnston Faculty & Staff Award.
Courses are listed in alphabetical order
Director of the course on Advanced TB Diagnostics
Madhukar Pai, MD, PhD, FCAHS, FRSC is the Inaugural Chair of the Department of Global and Public Health at the McGill School of Population and Global Health. He holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Epidemiology & Global Health. He is the Associate Director of the McGill International TB Centre. He is Editor-In-Chief of PLOS Global Public Health. He is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.
Madhu Pai did his medical training and community medicine residency in Vellore, India. He completed his PhD in epidemiology at UC Berkeley, and a postdoctoral fellowship at the UCSF. Madhu serves on the WHO Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for TB in the South-East Asia Region, and the WHO Advisory group on Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Laboratory. He is a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of FIND, Geneva. He serves as the Chair of the Public-Private Mix (PPM) Working Group of the Stop TB Partnership. He serves on the editorial boards of Lancet Infectious Diseases, PLoS Medicine, and BMJ Global Health, among others. He is Editor-In-Chief of PLOS Global Public Health.
Director of the course on Digital Health
Nitika Pant Pai, MD, MPH, PhD
Dr. Pai focuses on developing screening strategies for marginalized populations with point-of-care tests to improve screening and diagnosis, in order to make a public health impact. Her current work involves rapid point-of-care tests for HIV and related co-infections (hepatitis C, hepatitis B, syphilis) and the development of innovations that improve uptake of self testing for HIV, multiplex screening for HIV related co-infections for affected populations, and early screening for pregnant women in resource-limited settings. She is a Scientist at the RI-MUHC Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation and an Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine at McGill University.
Directors of the course Engaging all health providers to End TB: Public-Private Mix (PPM)
Petra Heitkamp, MSc, MPH
Petra is the Community Manager/Director of the TBPPM Learning Network, a dynamic online community of TB professionals fostering South-South learning in engaging private health providers in TB care and prevention at the primary care level, based at McGill University Health Center, Research Institute. Petra has over 20 years of global health experience with focus on applying effective collaborative approaches, strengthening health systems and community empowerment to advance public health and tackle infectious diseases. She has written multiple publications, taught courses and workshops, worked at the Stop TB Partnership and WHO/TB globally and at country level, forging partnerships among stakeholders from global agencies to grassroots tribal leaders.
Madhukar Pai, MD, PhD, FCAHS, FRSC is the Inaugural Chair of the Department of Global and Public Health at the McGill School of Population and Global Health. He holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Epidemiology & Global Health. He is the Associate Director of the McGill International TB Centre. He is Editor-In-Chief of PLOS Global Public Health. He is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.
Madhu Pai did his medical training and community medicine residency in Vellore, India. He completed his PhD in epidemiology at UC Berkeley, and a postdoctoral fellowship at the UCSF. Madhu serves on the WHO Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for TB in the South-East Asia Region, and the WHO Advisory group on Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Laboratory. He is a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of FIND, Geneva. He serves as the Chair of the Public-Private Mix (PPM) Working Group of the Stop TB Partnership. He serves on the editorial boards of Lancet Infectious Diseases, PLoS Medicine, and BMJ Global Health, among others. He is Editor-In-Chief of PLOS Global Public Health.
Vijayashree Yellappa, MBBS, MPH, FHM, PhD
Dr Vijayashree Yellappa is a medical doctor specialised in Public Health and she has a fellowship in HIV medicine. Her PhD focused on the strategies to optimize the involvement of private practitioners in Tuberculosis (TB) care in India. She is currently working as Senior TB Consultant at KNCV, Hague. She is the founding Chair of the TBPPM Learning Network India Chapter in association with McGill University, Canada. She undertakes knowledge brokering with senior decision-makers and develops health system policy briefs for wider policy debate. She has carried out several multi-country implementation research projects combining both quantitative and qualitative analysis to produce empirical evidence to strengthen health systems.
Directors of the course on Environment and Global Health
Neil Arya, BASc, MD, CCFP, FCFP, DLitt
Dr. Neil Arya is a family physician in Kitchener Ontario. He is the Chair of the PEGASUS Institute and PEGASUS Global Health Conference. He is a Fellow at the Balsillie School for International Affairs and at the International Migration Research Centre. He is an Adjunct Professor in Health Sciences at Wilfrid Laurier University where he was and Scholar in Residence from 2018-2020. He remains Assistant Clinical Professor in Family Medicine at McMaster University (part-time) and Adjunct Professor in Environment and Resource Studies at the University of Waterloo. He is a past Vice-President of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), which won the 1985 Nobel Peace Prize and of President of Physicians for Global Survival (PGS). He was the president of the Canadian Physicians for Research and Education in Peace (CPREP), which is now IPPNW Canada and has written and lectured around the world about Peace through Health. He was the founding Director of the Global Health Office at Western University and has conducted research around international experiences as well as the impact of overseas electives on host communities and students. Dr. Arya continues as founder Director of the Kitchener/Waterloo Refugee Health Clinic in collaboration with the Waterloo Region Reception House where he provides case-specific care to newcomers and those in need of specialized care and was lead physician developing the Psychiatric Outreach Project, providing mental health for those homeless or at risk in St. John’s Kitchen in Kitchener, tasks which led to him receiving the 2009 College of Family Physicians of Canada Geeta Gupta Award for Equity and Diversity. In 2013 he was given a College of Family Physicians Canada (CFPC) Award of Excellence. In 2011 Dr. Arya received a D. Litt. (Honorary) from Wilfrid Laurier University and the mid-Career Award in International Health from the American Public Health Association.
Nolwenn Noisel, PhD, MSc
Dr. Noisel holds a master's degree in applied and environmental chemistry from the University of Orleans in France, as well as a master's degree in toxicology and a PhD in public health from the University of Montreal. She is an assistant professor in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health at the School of Public Health of the Université de Montréal. She specializes in public health, with expertise in toxicology and biomonitoring of environmental contaminants for the general population and the workers. She actively collaborates with Health Canada's national biomonitoring program and acts as an expert for Santé Publique France and the Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (Anses) in France.
Directors of the course From Evidence to Impact: Fundamentals of Global Health Advocacy
Leigh Raithby
Policy and Advocacy Officer, Results Canada and Stop TB Canada
As an advocate for health equity and social justice, Results Canada immediately felt like a perfect match for me. With a staff of passionate and intelligent advocates and the support of international partners and volunteers from across Canada, Results has reinforced my confidence in the ability to make a meaningful difference and end extreme poverty. There is a tremendous sense of community at Results, which inspires me to use my voice while amplifying the voices of those around me. I strive to lead with compassion in every aspect of my life, as I believe with compassion we can better connect with others and the world around us.
My most inspiring volunteer experience was working as a Recreational Art Therapy Volunteer at my local rehabilitation hospital. I would visit with the residents and engage in visual art activities with them, which offered an escape from their current reality and provided some much-appreciated social support. This volunteer position solidified my desire to use my abilities to help improve the quality of life of others.
Directors of the course on Global Health Diagnostics
Nitika Pant Pai, MD, MPH, PhD
Dr. Pai focuses on developing screening strategies for marginalized populations with point-of-care tests to improve screening and diagnosis, in order to make a public health impact. Her current work involves rapid point-of-care tests for HIV and related co-infections (hepatitis C, hepatitis B, syphilis) and the development of innovations that improve uptake of self testing for HIV, multiplex screening for HIV related co-infections for affected populations, and early screening for pregnant women in resource-limited settings. She is a Scientist at the RI-MUHC Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation and an Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine at McGill University.
Cédric Yansouni, MD, FRCPC DTM&H
Dr. Yansouni is an Associate Professor of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology at the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, where he serves as Associate Director of the J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases. His research is focused on improving diagnostic tools and care for infectious diseases in remote or low resource settings, with an emphasis on enteric parasitic infections and diagnostic bacteriology. He is currently a technical advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO) for prequalification of diagnostics. He has been a founding co-Director of the Global Health Diagnostics Course since 2015 and has contributed to our Clinical Tropical Medicine Course since 2010.
Directors of the course on Global Health Law
Yann Joly, Ph.D. (DCL), FCAHS, Ad.E.
Yann Joly, Ph.D. (DCL), FCAHS, Ad.E. is the Director of the Centre of Genomics and Policy (CGP) at McGill University. He is a James McGill Professor at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Human Genetics. Prof. Joly is also an associate member of the Bioethics Unit and the Law Faculty at McGill. He was named advocatus emeritus by the Quebec Bar in 2012 and Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences in 2017.
In 2021 he received, the Canadian Science Policy Centre, Science Policy Trailblazer Award. Prof. Joly is a member of the Canadian Commission for UNESCO (CCU) Sectoral Commission for Natural, Social and Human Sciences. He is the current Chair of the Bioethics Workgroup of the International Human Epigenome Consortium (IHEC) and Co-Leads the Regulatory and Ethics Work Stream of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH). He was Chair (2017–2019) of the Ethics and Governance Committee of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). He is also a member of the Human Genome Organization (HUGO) Committee on Ethics, Law, and Society (CELS).
Prof. Joly’s research interests lie at the interface of the fields of scientific knowledge, health law (biotechnology and other emerging health technologies) and bioethics. He created the first international genetic discrimination observatory (GDO https://gdo.global/en/gdo-description) in 2018. He has published his findings in over 200 peer-reviewed articles featured in top legal, ethical and scientific journals. He served as a legal advisor on multiple research ethics committees in the public and private sectors. Prof. Joly also sits on editorial committees and acts as a reviewer for a wide range of publications in his field. In 2012, he received the Quebec Bar Award of Merit (Innovation) for his work on the right to privacy in the biomedical field.
Diya Uberoi, PhD, JD, LLM, MPhil
Diya Uberoi is a human rights scholar and advocate, with significant experience working with international and national organizations in the field of health and human rights. Her research interests lie at the intersection of law and public health, with a focus on access to medicines, genetic discrimination and equity in different emerging economies. She holds a PhD in International Law from the Graduate Institute for International and Development Studies, an LLM in Global Health Law from Georgetown Law Centre, a JD from Emory, and an MPhil in Psychology from the University of Cambridge.
Dr. Uberoi is the coordinator of the Genetic Discrimination Observatory and the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) Policy Analyst at the Centre of Genomics and Policy at McGill.
Directors of the course on Health Systems Strengthening and Global Governance
Janet Hatcher Roberts
Janet Hatcher Roberts has over 30 years experience in bridging communities, evidence and policy both nationally and internationally. Currently, Janet is the Co-Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre on Knowledge Translation, Technology Assessment for Health Equity at Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa. She is an Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, at the University of Ottawa. Through her work at the WHOCC and the university she teaches courses on health systems and global governance and carries out research focussing on equity, health systems and global health.
From 1998-2013, she was the Executive Director of the Canadian Society for International Health ) where she oversaw the design and implementation of global health systems strengthening projects in Africa, Asia, Latin and Central America and Eastern Europe finded by CIDA, IDRC,World Bank, WHO and PAHO. She served as the technical representative for PAHO in Canada from 1998-2002. She spent 2007-2008 in Geneva where she was Director of the Migration Health Department with the International Organization for Migration, now UN Migration.
In her volunteer time, Janet was the Chair of the Board for Action Canada for Population Development and was a Board member and Past Treasurer of the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research. She was a Board member of the US-based Council of Graduate Foreign Nurses (CGFNS)from 2007- 2016 . From 2009-2019, she was appointed by an Order in Council as Board member to Public Heath Ontario (PHO) where she also sat on the Strategic Planning Committee and Governance Committee. From 2018 to 2020, she has served as an ex-officio member and now board member of the Ottawa Centre Liberal EDA.She also served for four years on the National Board of Make Poverty History. Since January 2021 she has served as a member of the Advisory Committee for the newly formed Pegasus Institute and is a member of the newly formed Transition committee for the new Canadian Association for Global Health, an amalgamation of the Canadian Society for International Health and the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research.
Innocent Ntaganira, MD, MSc, MA
Dr Innocent Ntaganira is a public Health expert with more than 38 years of professional experience including 19 years with the World Health Organization (WHO). He retired from the WHO at the end of June 2021, the last position being that of WHO Representative to the African Union (AU) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), working on facilitating engagement between the WHO, the two organizations and other continental bodies to advance the health agenda in Africa. The professional journey took him through various levels of public health system governance, from primary health care service delivery to central policy making and across several African countries.
Dr Ntaganira is an alumni of the University of London (MA in Global Diplomacy), Université Laval (MSc in Epidemiology) and Université du Burundi (MD). Other short term academic trainings include seminars with John Hopkins University (USA), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of East Anglia, Norwich (UK) and the Graduate Institute of International Studies and Development (Switzerland).
Srikanth Kondreddy, PhD
Dr. Srikanth Kondreddy trained in global health policy, governance, and diplomacy. He has over 15 years of experience working with the Government of Canada, United Nations agencies, Global Health Thinktanks and Academia. He is a Founding member and Vice-president of Policy and Research with UrbanHealth360, a Non-profit organization based in the USA.
Currently, he works for the World Health Organization, Geneva. In addition, he is an Adjunct Professor at the School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, an investigator at Bruyere Research Institute and a Senior Fellow at the WHO Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment in Health Equity, Ottawa, Canada.
He contributes to global health policy discussions and is a member of various policy engagement networks, including the Think 20 - a policy engagement group of the G20. He was an Indian Council of Medical Research Fellow and a J N Tata Scholar. He also received awards from the Canadian Society for International Health, Eastern Sociological Society, International AIDS Society, and University Grants Commission. In addition, he received research grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Swiss Network for International Studies, Worldwide Universities Network, Global One Health Network and JN Tata Endowment. He has published in high-impact global health and health policy journals. He holds a PhD from the National AIDS Research Institute/the University of Pune (India), Post-doctoral Fellowships/Training from McGill University (Canada) and the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (Switzerland).
Directors of the course on Nutrition and Tuberculosis
Anurag Bhargava, MD, MSc.
Dr. Bhargava is currently a Professor in the department of Internal Medicine at Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore and also associated with the Center for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya University. He has worked on the interface of clinical medicine and public health in diverse settings across India, including as a rural physician for 10 years. He serves on advisory committees for organisations like the National TB Elimination Programme, WHO SEAR, WHO Geneva. He too has been involved in the RATIONS trial for the past 3 years.
Madhavi Bhargava, MD
Dr. Bhargava is currently an Associate Professor in the department of Community Medicine at the Yenepoya Medical College in Mangalore, and associated with the Center of Nutrition Studies, at Yenepoya University. Madhavi worked initially as a primary care physician and surgeon in rural central India for 10 years, and later trained in public health and research. She is passionate about teaching under-graduate and post graduate students. She has been involved in the large RATIONS trial of nutritional support to reduce TB incidence in India.
Directors of the course on Pandemic Preparedness, Alert, and Response
Chen Liang, PhD
Dr. Chen Liang is a professor at the Department of Medicine, the Division of Experimental Medicine, an associate member at the Department of Microbiology & Immunology. He is the interim director of the McGill AIDS Centre. His laboratory is located at the Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital. His research focuses on understanding host immune restriction of HIV-1 infection. His group has discovered two of the few host restriction factors that have been reported to potently inhibit HIV-1. He has also applied the CRISPR gene editing technology for curing HIV-1 infected cells by targeting and eliminating infectious HIV-1 DNA. His group is dedicated to the discovery of HIV cure.
Yassen Tcholakov, MD MSc MIH
Dr. Tcholakov works as the Unit Lead for Infectious Disease at the Nunavik Department of Public Health in Canada. He is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health at McGill University, and he also currently serves as the Immediate Past Chairperson of the Junior Doctors Network of the World Medical Association (WMA).
He has completed residency training at McGill University, he holds a medical degree from the University of Montreal and master's degrees from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the University of Copenhagen.
Yassen has been involved in global health since 2009. He has work experience at all jurisdiction levels in the Canadian public health system and he has also worked at the Climate Change and Health Unit of the World Health Organization. Global health diplomacy, the interface of international trade and health, and environmental protection are among his many interests. He has varied advocacy experience in representing organizations like the World Health Organization, the World Medical Association, and the International Federation of Medical Students Associations in front of the United Nations.
Yassen’s dedication to education has been constant alongside his effort to translate personal experiences into opportunities to share with colleagues. He currently teaches at McGill University and the University of Montreal on topics such as epidemiology, public health, global health, and advocacy.
Director of the course on Peace through Health
Neil Arya, BASc, MD, CCFP, FCFP, DLitt
Dr. Neil Arya is a family physician in Kitchener Ontario. He is the Chair of the PEGASUS Institute and PEGASUS Global Health Conference (www.pegasusconference.ca). He is a Fellow at the Balsillie School for International Affairs and at the International Migration Research Centre. He is an Adjunct Professor in Health Sciences at Wilfrid Laurier University where he was and Scholar in Residence from 2018-2020. He remains Assistant Clinical Professor in Family Medicine at McMaster University (part-time) and Adjunct Professor in Environment and Resource Studies at the University of Waterloo. He is a past Vice-President of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), which won the 1985 Nobel Peace Prize and of President of Physicians for Global Survival (PGS). He was the president of the Canadian Physicians for Research and Education in Peace (CPREP), which is now IPPNW Canada and has written and lectured around the world about Peace through Health. He was the founding Director of the Global Health Office at Western University and has conducted research around international experiences as well as the impact of overseas electives on host communities and students. Dr. Arya continues as founder Director of the Kitchener/Waterloo Refugee Health Clinic in collaboration with the Waterloo Region Reception House where he provides case-specific care to newcomers and those in need of specialized care and was lead physician developing the Psychiatric Outreach Project, providing mental health for those homeless or at risk in St. John’s Kitchen in Kitchener, tasks which led to him receiving the 2009 College of Family Physicians of Canada Geeta Gupta Award for Equity and Diversity. In 2013 he was given a College of Family Physicians Canada (CFPC) Award of Excellence. In 2011 Dr. Arya received a D. Litt. (Honorary) from Wilfrid Laurier University and the mid-Career Award in International Health from the American Public Health Association.
Directors of the course Providing Health Care to Refugee, Immigrant and Migrant Populations
Christina Greenaway, MD, MSc, FRCPC
Professor of Medicine, McGill University
Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Clinical Epidemiology, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases
Lavanya Narasiah, MD, MSc, CCFP
Medical Director, Clinique des Réfugiés de la Montérégie
Sapha Barkati, MD, MSc, FRCPC, DTM&H, CTropMed
Educational Director, J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases,
Divisions of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre
Directors of the course on Qualitative Methods in Global Infectious Diseases Research
Amrita Daftary, PhD, MPH
Dr. Daftary is a social and behavioural health scientist. Her research examines health care seeking and caregiving practices for HIV and TB to inform the design and evaluation of multi-level interventions. Dr. Daftary has expertise in qualitative research methods, global implementation science, and health services research. She is well cited for her work on stigma associated with TB, including drug-resistant TB and TB-HIV coinfection. She works in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly South Africa, and India and Canada. She is an Associate Professor in the School of Health Policy & Management, in the Faculty of Health at York University. Dr. Daftary holds adjunct positions at the University of Toronto and Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal. Her early training was in pharmacy.
Nora Engel, PhD
Dr. Engel is associate professor of Global Health at Maastricht University. Her research focuses on innovation dynamics in global health challenges (mainly tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS) and on the sociology of diagnostics and innovations at the point-of-care. She has done extensive qualitative fieldwork in India and South Africa, among others on challenges to point of care testing across different settings, diseases and actor groups. She is a contributor on qualitative research to the advanced TB diagnostics course since 2012 and together with Amrita Daftary successfully launched the qualitative methods course in 2017.
Director of the course on Reimagining Global Health
Madhukar Pai, MD, PhD, FCAHS, FRSC is the Inaugural Chair of the Department of Global and Public Health at the McGill School of Population and Global Health. He holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Epidemiology & Global Health. He is the Associate Director of the McGill International TB Centre. He is Editor-In-Chief of PLOS Global Public Health. He is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.
Madhu Pai did his medical training and community medicine residency in Vellore, India. He completed his PhD in epidemiology at UC Berkeley, and a postdoctoral fellowship at the UCSF. Madhu serves on the WHO Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for TB in the South-East Asia Region, and the WHO Advisory group on Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Laboratory. He is a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of FIND, Geneva. He serves as the Chair of the Public-Private Mix (PPM) Working Group of the Stop TB Partnership. He serves on the editorial boards of Lancet Infectious Diseases, PLoS Medicine, and BMJ Global Health, among others. He is Editor-In-Chief of PLOS Global Public Health.
Director of the course on TB Research Methods
Dick Menzies, MD
Director, McGill International TB Centre
Professor, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University
My research involves clinical and epidemiologic studies of the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB). This includes latent (dormant) TB and active TB (disease), as well as drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. My international reseach collaborations include work in sites in Benin, West Africa, Brazil, Indonesia and Vietnam. Within Canada, I am part of a network of TB researchers in Ottawa, Toronto, Calagary, Edmonton and Vancouver.